Omics analysis reveals key genes mediating herbicide resistance in Digitaria sanguinalis

Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop is recognized as one of the most problematic agricultural weeds, with chemical control remaining a crucial management strategy. However, increased selection pressures have led to the emergence of resistant populations that reproduce and establish themselves as dominant communities, thereby severely jeopardizing crop yields. It is especially crucial to reveal the resistance mechanism of D.Sanguinalis, and the lack of weed histology resources has always been an obstacle to the study of resistance mechanism, nowadays, with the development of histology technology, the combination of multi-omics applied to the identification of weed resistance genes is becoming more and more perfect. In our previous study, we have preliminarily demonstrated that the resistance of D.Sanguinalis to ALS inhibitors is related to the increase of P450 enzyme activity. Here, we employed single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing technology to obtain full-length transcripts of D. sanguinalis. Using DIA proteomics, we identified upregulated herbicide-metabolizing proteins, which were validated via PRM analysis. By integrating the transcriptomic and proteomic results, we identified CYP709B2 and CYP74B2 as key effector genes that mediate resistance in D. sanguinalis. We elucidated the resistance patterns and specific genes associated with D. sanguinalis, thereby enriching the bioinformatics resources available for this species and providing a foundation for herbicide-resistant weed management.