Tracking monocrotophos pollution: From environmental spread to biosensor-based detection and remediation

Monocrotophos, a widely used organophosphate insecticide, has long stood at the intersection of agricultural utility and environmental hazard. This review delves beyond its routine application to uncover the broader implications of monocrotophos pollution and its persistence in agroecosystems. From its physicochemical properties and usage patterns to its contamination of soil, water, and food, monocrotophos pollution continues to pose serious ecological and human health challenges. We explore classical and emerging detection methods, highlighting the promise of biosensors for rapid, on-site residue monitoring. Furthermore, the review discusses various remediation strategies, with a focus on bioremediation using microbial systems for sustainable degradation. This review underscores the urgent need for coordinated action in pollution monitoring, detection, and mitigation. Taken together, the story of monocrotophos is not just about a pesticide, but a reflection of the delicate balance between agricultural advancement and environmental responsibility.