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Delayed crystallization response-inspired waterborne polyurethane with high performance.

Chenxi Huyan1, Dong Liu2, Xiang Han1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China.

Nature Communications
|October 30, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a high-performance waterborne polyurethane elastomer (WPUE) with enhanced mechanical strength and toughness. It utilizes a delayed crystallization response for a sustainable alternative to traditional thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers (TPUE).

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Sustainable Chemistry

Background:

  • Waterborne polyurethane elastomers (WPUE) offer a sustainable alternative to thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers (TPUE) by reducing volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions.
  • However, WPUE typically exhibits lower mechanical strength compared to TPUE, limiting its widespread adoption.
  • Developing high-performance WPUE is crucial for advancing green chemistry principles in polymer manufacturing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a high-performance waterborne polyurethane elastomer (WPUE) with mechanical properties comparable to or exceeding those of thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers (TPUE).
  • To investigate the self-reinforcement mechanism responsible for the enhanced mechanical performance in WPUE.
  • To demonstrate a sustainable and green alternative to conventional solvent-based polyurethane elastomers.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of WPUE using symmetrical monomers and engineered hierarchical hydrogen bonds to create a dynamic biphase structure.
  • Characterization of the WPUE's mechanical properties, including toughness and strength, under tensile stretching.
  • Analysis of the delayed crystallization response and its correlation with the biphase structure during deformation.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a high toughness of 0.959 GJ/m³ and strength of 81.8 MPa in the developed WPUE.
  • Identified a delayed crystallization response mechanism triggered at a stretch ratio of ~13 due to steric hindrance.
  • Observed co-crystallization of hard and soft segments at stretch ratios >20, leading to significant enhancement in mechanical properties.

Conclusions:

  • The developed WPUE demonstrates superior mechanical strength and toughness through a novel self-reinforcement mechanism.
  • This breakthrough offers a viable, high-performance, and sustainable alternative to traditional TPUE, aligning with green chemistry objectives.
  • The engineered dynamic biphase structure and delayed crystallization response are key to achieving robust WPUE for broader applications.