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Switching from a high-protein diet to a high-fiber diet enhances gut microbial diversity and alters metabolic pathways, particularly those involving tryptophan and sugars. Specific bacteria like Faecalibacterium rodentium and Akkermansia muciniphila play key roles. This highlights the importance of dietary fiber for gut health.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Metabolomics
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Dietary shifts, such as transitioning from high-protein diets (HPD) to high-fiber diets (HFiD), are common for health management.
  • The gut microbiome acts as a crucial mediator between diet and host health.
  • Limited research has explored the combined effects of dietary changes on gut microbial composition and the metabolic landscape.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of switching from HPD to HFiD on gut microbiome structure and function.
  • To characterize the associated metabolic profile changes using multi-omics approaches.
  • To identify key microbial and metabolic factors influenced by this dietary transition.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized multi-omics techniques including 16S rRNA gene sequencing, shotgun metagenomics, and LC-MS/MS metabolomics.
  • Applied machine learning methods to analyze gut microbiota responses and associate microbial and metabolic variables.
  • Examined changes in gut microbiome diversity and metabolic pathway activity.

Main Results:

  • The conversion from HPD to HFiD significantly improved gut microbial diversity.
  • Observed enrichment in metabolic pathways related to tryptophan, galactose, fructose, and mannose metabolism.
  • Identified specific microbial species, including Faecalibacterium rodentium and Akkermansia muciniphila, potentially involved in these metabolic shifts.

Conclusions:

  • Dietary transition from HPD to HFiD positively influences gut microbial diversity and key metabolic pathways.
  • Specific gut bacteria may play crucial roles in mediating the metabolic adaptations to high-fiber diets.
  • Findings provide a basis for further research into diet-microbe-metabolite interactions and underscore the significance of dietary diversity.