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A robust framework for evaluating green mines towards sustainable development.

Eman Sayed1, Ahmed M Ali2, Ibrahim Alrashdi3

  • 1Department of Decision Support, Faculty of Computers and Informatics, Zagazig University, Harayah Raznah, Zagazig, Sharqiyah, 44519, Egypt. essayed@fci.zu.edu.eg.

Scientific Reports
|October 30, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new hybrid framework using Spherical Fuzzy Sets (SFSs) and multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) effectively evaluates green mines in Egypt. The model identifies key sustainability drivers, offering insights for informed green investment and policy decisions.

Keywords:
CRITIC methodGreen mine evaluationGrey relational analysis (GRA)Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM)SWOT analysisSpherical fuzzy sets

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Engineering
  • Decision Science

Background:

  • Mining's ecological impact necessitates sustainable practices.
  • Green mine development is crucial for the mining sector's sustainability.
  • Existing evaluation methods may lack comprehensiveness for green mine assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel hybrid multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) framework for green mine evaluation.
  • To apply Spherical Fuzzy Sets (SFSs) integrated with SWOT, CRITIC, and Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) for sustainability assessment.
  • To evaluate 20 gold mines in Egypt using the proposed framework.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of Spherical Fuzzy Sets (SFSs) with SWOT analysis, CRITIC method, and Grey Relational Analysis (GRA).
  • Development of SF-CRITIC for objective criterion weighting.
  • Application of SF-GRA for ranking green mine alternatives based on proximity to an ideal solution.
  • Sensitivity and comparative analyses to validate model robustness and consistency.

Main Results:

  • The proposed framework successfully ranked 20 Egyptian gold mines based on sustainability criteria.
  • GME20 was identified as the highest-ranking green mine, while GME5 ranked lowest.
  • Sensitivity and comparative analyses confirmed the model's stable rankings and resilience.
  • Key sustainability drivers like renewable energy adoption and land reclamation were identified.

Conclusions:

  • The hybrid SFS-based MCDM framework provides a transparent, reproducible, and scalable tool for green mine evaluation.
  • The study offers actionable insights for policymakers and stakeholders to support informed green investment and regulatory decisions.
  • The methodology demonstrates significant novelty in its application to green mine assessment in Egypt.