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An Electrochemical Cholesteric Liquid Crystalline Device for Quick and Low-Voltage Color Modulation

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Electrically Reconfigurable Liquid Metal Nanophotonic Platform for Color Display and Imaging.

Md Abdul Kaium Khan¹, Shoaib Vasini¹, Ralu Divan²

¹Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)

|October 30, 2025

Summary

Researchers developed a new tunable nanophotonic platform using liquid metals (LMs) and gold nanoantennas. This technology allows for electrically controlled, dynamic color patterns and tunable mid-infrared responses for advanced photonic applications.

Keywords:

imaging liquid metal optical display sensing tunable nanophotonics

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Area of Science:

Nanophotonics
Materials Science
Electrochemistry

Background:

Conventional solid metals lack tunability for advanced photonic devices.
Gallium-based liquid metals (LMs) offer unique optical and mechanical properties.
Integrating LMs into tunable photonic elements is largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate an electrochemically controlled nanophotonic platform with a reconfigurable LM ground plane.
To enable precise and reversible modulation of optical resonances.
To explore applications in dynamic color patterns and tunable mid-infrared sensing.

Main Methods:

Integration of a liquid metal (LM) ground plane with gold nanoantenna arrays in a microfluidic system.
Electrochemical control using moderate voltages (1.5-3.0 V) to tune the interfacial gap.
Real-time modulation of optical resonances across visible to mid-infrared spectra.

Main Results:

Achieved real-time, electrically programmable, high-contrast structural color patterns.
Demonstrated nanoscale control of the LM-Au nanoantenna interfacial gap.
Enabled tunable mid-infrared spectral responses for sensing applications.

Conclusions:

The integrated LM-based nanophotonic platform offers dynamic tunability and reconfigurability.
This technology is suitable for dynamic optical displays, anti-counterfeiting, and sensing.
Opens new avenues for multifunctional, actively tunable photonic devices.