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Intersectionality and Intimate Partner Violence: Risk Factors and Vulnerabilities During the COVID-19 Pandemic and

Marcella R Cardoso1,2,3,4, Odette Del Risco Sánchez4, Mary Greenwald1

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Summary

Intimate partner violence (IPV) increased during the COVID-19 pandemic due to economic stress and social isolation. Marginalized women, especially Black women, faced compounded risks, highlighting the need for targeted crisis interventions.

Keywords:
COVID-19IPVblack womendomestic violencehumanitarian emergenciesintimate partner violencemarginalized populationsnatural disasters

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Sociology
  • Gender Studies

Background:

  • Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global health and human rights issue, exacerbated by emergencies.
  • The COVID-19 pandemic intensified social inequalities and increased IPV due to lockdowns and economic factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Examine risk factors for increased IPV among women and girls during COVID-19 mitigation.
  • Explore intersectional vulnerabilities of Black women.
  • Compare IPV prevalence during COVID-19 with other crises.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of existing research across 11 databases.
  • Included peer-reviewed studies in English, Portuguese, or Spanish (women aged 15+).
  • Data extraction and quality assessment by independent reviewers using Joanna Briggs Institute tools.

Main Results:

  • IPV rates rose during COVID-19 due to economic stress, isolation, and reduced healthcare access.
  • Black women and other marginalized groups experienced compounded vulnerabilities (race, class, gender).
  • Increased IPV during COVID-19 mirrored patterns seen in natural disasters and conflict settings.

Conclusions:

  • Targeted interventions are crucial for women experiencing IPV during crises, focusing on marginalized groups.
  • Strengthening support systems, healthcare access, and promoting anti-racist policies are recommended.
  • Addressing intersectional vulnerabilities is key for effective, culturally appropriate solutions to protect women and girls.