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Is Predisposition to T2D Impacted by Polymorphisms in Genes Involved in Insulin Signaling and Cellular Bioenergetics?
Benudhara Pati1, Martin Jastroch2, Naresh Chandra Bal1
1School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
Acta Physiologica (Oxford, England)
|October 30, 2025
Summary
Genetic factors influence type 2 diabetes (T2D) progression and drug response. This review explores genes linked to insulin secretion and cellular bioenergetics, highlighting potential therapeutic targets for personalized T2D management.
Area of Science:
- Genetics and Molecular Biology
- Metabolic Diseases
- Pharmacogenomics
Background:
- Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is a growing global health concern with increasing prevalence.
- Genetic predisposition and environmental factors significantly influence T2D pathogenesis and individual responses to treatment.
- Understanding genetic variations is crucial for personalized medicine approaches in T2D management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the existing literature on genetic variability associated with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D).
- To investigate the role of cellular bioenergetics and adaptive thermogenesis in T2D.
- To identify potential genetic targets for countering T2D.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature search on genetic variability in T2D.
- Analysis of genes involved in insulin secretion and cellular bioenergetics.
- Focus on diverse ethnic populations, including Indian subgroups.
Main Results:
- Identified genes associated with insulin secretion (e.g., INS, PDX1, ABCC8).
- Identified genes involved in cellular bioenergetics in insulin-responsive tissues (e.g., INSR, AKT, PPAR-γ).
- Noted potential for clearer genetic associations in specific ethnic groups, such as Indian subgroups.
Conclusions:
- Emphasizes the limited research on the genetic association of cellular bioenergetics proteins in T2D pathogenesis.
- Highlights the potential for early detection and personalized therapies based on genetic profiles.
- Underscores the need for further research into genetic predispositions for targeted T2D management.
Keywords:
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