Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 12, 2026

Live Images of GLUT4 Protein Trafficking in Mouse Primary Hypothalamic Neurons Using Deconvolution Microscopy
Published on: December 7, 2017
Is Predisposition to T2D Impacted by Polymorphisms in Genes Involved in Insulin Signaling and Cellular Bioenergetics?
Benudhara Pati1, Martin Jastroch2, Naresh Chandra Bal1
1School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
Background:
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) represents a growing global health challenge, with its prevalence and associated metabolic complications rising sharply over the past two decades. Although the pathogenesis of T2D is complex and influenced by lifestyle and (micro)environmental factors, genetic constituents have been considered major predisposing factors. Recent literature shows significant individual variations in both the progression of T2D and the efficacy of antidiabetic drugs. These individual variations are expected to emanate from the inherent genetic make-up and potential epigenetic modifications by environmental factors.
Hypothesis:
It has been proposed that altered metabolism (including cellular bioenergetic mechanisms) provides protection from T2D. Moreover, several researchers have proposed that proteins regulating cellular bioenergetics, for example, involved in adaptive thermogenesis, represent good targets to counter T2D. Therefore, we thoroughly searched the literature on genetic variability associated with T2D in this review.
Results:
We could only find genes involved in (1) insulin secretion (INS, PDX1, ABCC8, KCNJ11, KCNQ1, CDKAL1, IGFBP2) and (2) cellular bioenergetics in insulin-responsive tissues (INSR, IRS, AKT, SLC2A4, TBC1D4, PPP1R3A, LEP, LEPR, ADIPOQ, TCF7L2, PPAR-γ, SLC30A8). Specific attention is given to diverse ethnic populations, in particular Indian subgroups where these genetic factors may display clearer association to T2D.
Conclusion:
By emphasizing genetic predispositions, this review highlights the lack of studies on the genetic association of cellular bioenergetics proteins in T2D pathogenesis. It also underscores the potential for early detection, personalized management, and the development of targeted therapies for individuals with T2D across different genetic profiles.
More Related Videos
08:13Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test OGTT and Insulin Tolerance Test ITT
Published on: January 7, 2018
08:32Studying the Hypothalamic Insulin Signal to Peripheral Glucose Intolerance with a Continuous Drug Infusion System into the Mouse Brain
Published on: January 4, 2018
Related Concept Videos
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational
Carbohydrate Metabolism
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...
Pathophysiology of Diabetes
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications
Insulin: The Receptor and Signaling Pathways