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Confocal Imaging of Confined Quiescent and Flowing Colloid-polymer Mixtures
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In Situ Autofluorescence Imaging Unveils Interfacial Confinement Effect on Electrical Treeing in Multiphase Polymers.

Chaolu Niu1, Wenxia Sima1, Potao Sun1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|October 30, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers observed autofluorescence in polymers like cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) and silicone rubber (SIR) within electrical tree damage zones. This breakthrough allows nanoscale 3D imaging of electrical trees, aiding insulation reliability studies.

Keywords:
3D non‐destructive characterizationautofluorescence imaginginterfacial electrical treesmolecular conformationmultiphase polymers

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Area of Science:

  • Multiphase polymer interface science
  • Electrical insulation materials

Background:

  • Electrical tree damage is a critical challenge for insulation reliability.
  • Limited spatial resolution of current techniques hinders 3D visualization of interfacial electrical trees.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a method for in situ 3D visualization of electrical trees in polymers.
  • To investigate the evolution and failure mechanisms of interfacial electrical trees.

Main Methods:

  • Observation of autofluorescence in non-fluorescent polymers (XLPE, SIR) within electrical tree damage zones.
  • Confocal scanning microscopy for nanoscale 3D imaging and real-time monitoring of electrical trees.
  • Analysis of molecular alterations (π-π* conjugation, cyclic siloxane oligomers) and their impact on energy gaps (ΔE).

Main Results:

  • Autofluorescence was successfully utilized for 3D imaging of electrical trees without exogenous probes.
  • Molecular changes (reduced ΔE) enhance autofluorescence intensity in damaged polymer zones.
  • Interfacial confinement effects in XLPE influence electrical tree propagation, promoting lateral expansion.

Conclusions:

  • The developed autofluorescence imaging method offers nanoscale resolution for 3D visualization of electrical trees.
  • This technique provides a non-destructive evaluation platform for studying interfacial failure mechanisms in multiphase insulation systems.
  • Understanding electrical tree evolution is crucial for enhancing insulation reliability.