Standardized Intraoperative Time Outs in Denmark - A National Survey of OR Nurses

Time outs during surgery are designed to enhance patient safety, yet the use of standardized intraoperative time outs remains understudied. This nationwide cross-sectional survey explored how intraoperative time outs are used and perceived by OR nurses across all surgical specialties in Denmark. Most respondents had more than four years of experience and regularly assisted with emergency surgeries. Although nearly all were familiar with preoperative checklists, 76% indicated that structured intraoperative time outs were not performed during routine or emergency procedures. Furthermore, although 64% of nurses observed changes in surgical strategy during procedures, only 27% reported that a predefined plan for such changes was in place. Intraoperative discussions often focused on the patient's clinical condition, with less attention on communication and collaboration. These findings suggest that standardized intraoperative time outs are infrequently used in Danish surgical practice. Implementing structured time outs during surgery may improve communication, care quality, and patient safety.