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Spectrophotometric determination of sulfanilamide using PMDA as a π-acceptor: method optimization, validation, and

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A new spectrophotometric method accurately determines sulfanilamide using pyromellitic dianhydride. This cost-effective technique offers high precision and sensitivity for sulfanilamide analysis.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Spectrophotometry
  • Computational Chemistry

Background:

  • Sulfanilamide is a key sulfa drug with importance in pharmaceutical analysis.
  • Accurate and precise quantification methods are crucial for drug quality control.
  • Charge-transfer complexation offers a promising avenue for spectrophotometric analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel, rapid, economical, and precise spectrophotometric method for sulfanilamide determination.
  • To investigate the charge-transfer complex formation between sulfanilamide and pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA).
  • To elucidate the electronic interactions and mechanism governing the complex formation using DFT calculations.

Main Methods:

  • Spectrophotometric analysis of sulfanilamide-PMDA charge-transfer complex.
  • UV-Vis spectroscopy to determine maximum absorption wavelength and Beer's law compliance.
  • Mole ratio method to ascertain complex stoichiometry and stability constant.
  • Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations for mechanistic insights.

Main Results:

  • The method exhibited maximum absorption at 258 nm, adhering to Beer's law in the 0.2-35 μg mL⁻¹ range.
  • High accuracy (101.501% recovery) and precision (<0.6% RSD) were achieved.
  • A 1:1 complex stoichiometry with a stability constant of 2.49 × 10⁸ L mol⁻¹ was determined.
  • DFT analysis confirmed the electron donor-acceptor mechanism involving sulfanilamide and PMDA.

Conclusions:

  • A validated, efficient spectrophotometric method for sulfanilamide quantification was successfully developed.
  • The study provides a mechanistic understanding of the sulfanilamide-PMDA charge-transfer complex.
  • This method offers a valuable tool for the accurate and precise determination of sulfanilamide in pharmaceutical samples.