Qualification of a pulsed, millinewton class metal plasma thruster for broad mission applications

In the field of low power (< 100W) electric propulsion, all thruster options demand significant trade-offs between operating parameters, systemic simplicity and scalable cost. With many systems on the market there are concerns with reliability, the need for extra considerations such as electron neutralizers for pure ion plumes (the flight proven PPTs and this Metal Plasma Thruster (MPT) generate quasi-neutral plasmas and are exceptions), and the cost or craft compatibility of propellants. The Metal Plasma Thruster (MPT) is a new type of electric propulsion technology intended for low power applications. The system imparts momentum using inert, solid metal pucks as a propellant by using pulsed power to convert the metal into high velocity (~ 17 km/s for Mo) jets of quasi-neutral plasma. The MPT technology does not require gas or liquid propellants, neutralizers, standby heaters, high voltage electronics, high electric or magnetic fields to operate. This comparatively simple pulsed operation is amenable to closed loop control, which provides for fine thrust control and S/C directed impulse on demand. Furthermore, the technology can use any metal as propellant, opening up unique opportunities for In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) as well as customizability of performance for meeting specific mission needs. This paper describes implementation and direct measurement of this closed loop control mode as well as impulse measurement of multiple metals consistent with the aim of ISRU at NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC).