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Responses to Salt Stress

Responses to Salt Stress

Salt stress—which can be triggered by high salt concentrations in a plant’s environment—can significantly affect plant growth and crop production by influencing photosynthesis and the absorption of water and nutrients.

Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss

Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss

Though evaporation from plant leaves drives transpiration, it also results in loss of water. Because water is critical for photosynthetic reactions and other cellular processes, evolutionary pressures on plants in different environments have driven the acquisition of adaptations that reduce water loss.

Responses to Drought and Flooding

Responses to Drought and Flooding

Water plays a significant role in the life cycle of plants. However, insufficient or excess of water can be detrimental and pose a serious threat to plants.

Responses to Heat and Cold Stress

Responses to Heat and Cold Stress

Every organism has an optimum temperature range within which healthy growth and physiological functioning can occur. At the ends of this range, there will be a minimum and maximum temperature that interrupt biological processes.

Tonicity in Plants

Tonicity in Plants

Plant cells maintain appropriate osmotic balance in extreme conditions. For instance, plants in dry environments store water in vacuoles, limit the opening of their stoma, and have thick, waxy cuticles to prevent unnecessary water loss. Some species of plants that live in salty environments store salt in their roots. As a result, water osmosis occurs in the root from the surrounding soil.
Tonicity
Tonicity describes the capacity of a cell to lose or gain water depending on the solute...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 12, 2026

Analysis of Effect of Compound Salt Stress on Seed Germination and Salt Tolerance Analysis of Pepper Capsicum annuum L.

Analysis of Effect of Compound Salt Stress on Seed Germination and Salt Tolerance Analysis of Pepper Capsicum annuum L.

Published on: November 30, 2022

Seaweed Extracts Improve Salinity Tolerance in Cereal Crops-A Meta-Analysis.

Md Nuruzzaman¹, Md Tahjib-Ul-Arif², Md Abdul Hannan²

¹Department of Plant Resources College of Industrial Sciences, Kongju National University Yesan Republic of Korea.

Plant-Environment Interactions (Hoboken, N.J.)

|October 30, 2025

Summary

Seaweed extracts boost cereal crop resilience to salinity stress. Foliar application of aqueous seaweed extracts enhances shoot and root biomass, offering a sustainable approach to improving crop yields and food security.

Keywords:

abiotic stress crop tolerance marine algae plant growth salt stress sustainable agriculture

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Production of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) Fungal Inoculum and Phenotypic Evaluation of Rice and AM Symbiosis Under Saline Conditions

Production of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) Fungal Inoculum and Phenotypic Evaluation of Rice and AM Symbiosis Under Saline Conditions

Published on: March 14, 2025

Area of Science:

Marine Biotechnology
Agronomy
Plant Physiology

Background:

Seaweed extracts are rich in bioactive compounds.
Salinity stress is a major threat to crop production and food security.
Sustainable solutions are needed to enhance crop resilience.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the efficacy of seaweed extracts in improving salt tolerance in cereal crops.
To determine the optimal conditions for seaweed extract application.

Main Methods:

A meta-analysis of studies using aqueous seaweed extracts as foliar sprays.
Mixed-effects model to determine effect size.
Analysis of seaweed classes (Phaeophyceae, Rhodophyta, Chlorophyta) and salinity levels (34.2-100 mM and 101-400 mM NaCl equivalent).

Main Results:

Aqueous seaweed extracts significantly enhanced shoot and root biomass under normal and salinity stress conditions.
Extracts from Chlorophyta and Phaeophyceae classes were particularly effective.
Optimal salinity tolerance was observed with foliar application of ≤25% aqueous seaweed extracts.

Conclusions:

Exogenous application of seaweed extracts improves salinity tolerance in cereal crops.
Seaweed extracts represent a sustainable resource for enhancing crop resilience.
Further research is needed to assess the impact on cereal crop yields.