Orthopedics in Pregnancy: Exploring Challenges and Solutions.

Area of Science:

• Orthopedics
• Obstetrics
• Physical Therapy

Background:

• Pregnancy induces hormonal, biomechanical, and postural changes, leading to musculoskeletal adaptations.
• Common conditions include low back pain (LBP), pelvic girdle pain (PGP), transient osteoporosis of the hip (TOH), and carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS).
• These conditions significantly impact maternal health and quality of life.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore common orthopedic challenges during pregnancy.
• To review the underlying mechanisms of these conditions.
• To evaluate current and emerging management strategies.

Main Methods:

• A literature review was conducted using PubMed and Scopus (2000-2024).
• Studies on pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and management of pregnancy-related musculoskeletal conditions were analyzed.

Main Results:

• LBP and PGP are most frequent, linked to ligamentous laxity and altered posture.
• TOH and CTS are less common but pose diagnostic/therapeutic challenges.
• Physical therapy, kinesio taping, acupuncture, and psychological support are key interventions.

Conclusions:

• Musculoskeletal disorders are prevalent in pregnancy, affecting daily function.
• Early diagnosis and individualized, non-invasive, multidisciplinary management are crucial.
• Further research is needed for standardized diagnostics and long-term efficacy data.