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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Atopic Dermatitis in Urban vs. Rural Populations: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Mitali Dash1, Anup K Mishra2, Sasmita Pradhan3

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Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences
|October 30, 2025
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Summary

Atopic dermatitis (AD) prevalence significantly differs between urban and rural populations. Urban living increases AD risk due to pollution, while rural AD is linked to agricultural factors, highlighting the need for tailored interventions.

Keywords:
Atopic dermatitiscross-sectional studyprevalencerisk factorsurban vs. rural

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Epidemiology
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition with varying prevalence in urban and rural settings.
  • Environmental and lifestyle differences between urban and rural areas are suspected contributors to AD frequency disparities.
  • Understanding these differences is crucial for developing culturally sensitive and individualized interventions for AD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the frequency of atopic dermatitis (AD) in urbanised versus rural populations.
  • To identify associated risk factors for AD in both urban and rural settings.
  • To compare the influence of environmental, socioeconomic, and lifestyle factors on AD prevalence.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 500 individuals.
  • Data collection included environmental exposure, socioeconomic status, family history of AD, and lifestyle factors.
  • Chi-square tests were used for categorical variable comparison, with statistical significance set at P < 0.05.

Main Results:

  • Urban locality was a strong predictor of AD, with nearly threefold higher prevalence compared to rural areas (P=0.01).
  • Urban AD was associated with environmental pollution and lack of green spaces; rural AD with agricultural allergens and hygiene factors (P=0.03).
  • Socioeconomic status and family history were significant risk factors in both urban and rural populations.

Conclusions:

  • The prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD) is significantly influenced by urban versus rural settings.
  • Environmental and lifestyle factors play a critical role in AD development, varying by location.
  • Tailored public health strategies are essential to mitigate AD risk based on specific population characteristics.