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Published on: December 19, 2020
Post-COVID-19 Complications: A Study on Long COVID Symptoms and Their Pathophysiology
Priyanka Sekar1, Melvin Dominic2, Sudhiersharan Balakrishnan2
1Department of General Medicine, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, Tamil Nadu, India.
Background:
Long COVID refers to persistent symptoms lasting weeks or months after recovery from acute COVID-19. These symptoms can affect multiple systems and impair quality of life.
Objective:
To assess the prevalence, pattern, and probable pathophysiological mechanisms of long COVID symptoms in recovered patients.
Materials And Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted over 12 months among 210 adults recovered from COVID-19 (≥12 weeks postinfection). Clinical evaluation, lab investigations, and imaging were used to identify post-COVID symptoms and explore underlying mechanisms.
Results:
Common symptoms included fatigue (67.6%), breathlessness (42.8%), cognitive issues (39.5%), and myalgia (34.7%). Neuropsychiatric complaints were noted in 41%, while 29% had cardiopulmonary sequelae. Elevated inflammatory markers correlated with symptom persistence (P < 0.05).
Conclusion:
Long COVID involves diverse symptoms, primarily fatigue and neurorespiratory complaints. Immune dysregulation and systemic inflammation appear central to its pathophysiology.
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