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Comparative Evaluation of Apically Extruded Debris Using Two Rotary and Two Reciprocating File Systems: An In Vitro

Arjun B Ravi¹, V P Prabath Singh¹, T R Razdan²

¹Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India.

Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences

|October 30, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Reciprocating file systems produced more apically extruded debris than continuous rotation systems during root canal instrumentation. This study quantified debris from rotary and reciprocating endodontic files.

Keywords:

Apical extrusion canal instrumentation reciprocation rotary system

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Area of Science:

Endodontics
Dental Materials Science

Background:

Apically extruded debris during root canal preparation can impact periapical tissues.
Understanding debris generation is crucial for endodontic procedure safety and efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

To quantify and compare the amount of apically extruded debris generated by rotary versus reciprocating single-file systems.
To evaluate the debris extrusion potential of different endodontic file systems.

Main Methods:

Eighty extracted mandibular premolars were instrumented using two types of single-file systems (rotary and reciprocating).
Apically extruded debris was collected and weighed using an analytical microbalance.

Main Results:

All tested file systems generated measurable amounts of apically extruded debris.
Reciprocating file systems resulted in significantly higher quantities of apically extruded debris compared to continuous rotation systems.

Conclusions:

Reciprocating endodontic file systems generate greater amounts of apically extruded debris than continuous rotation systems.
Awareness of debris extrusion is important for clinicians when selecting endodontic file systems.