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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

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Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

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Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
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General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

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Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 12, 2026

Single-Port Robotic-assisted Transaxillary Breast-conserving Surgery: A Prospective, Single-arm, Non-randomized Phase IIa Clinical Trial
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A Combined Segmental Spinal Epidural Anesthesia Versus General Anesthesia for Breast Cancer Surgeries: A Randomized

Sonali Tripathi1, Anshul Jain1, Nikita Verma1

  • 1Department of Anaesthesiology, Chhindwara Institute of Medical Sciences, Chhindwara, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences
|October 30, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Combined segmental spinal epidural anesthesia (CSSEA) offers improved outcomes for breast cancer surgery compared to general anesthesia (GA). CSSEA demonstrated better hemodynamic stability, reduced pain, and shorter hospital stays, enhancing patient recovery.

Keywords:
Breast cancercombined segmentalgeneral anesthesiarandomized comparative studyspinal epidural anesthesiasurgery

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Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Oncology
  • Surgical Outcomes

Background:

  • Anesthesia choice significantly influences breast cancer surgery outcomes, patient recovery, and satisfaction.
  • Optimizing anesthetic techniques is crucial for improving the patient experience and surgical results in breast cancer management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the efficacy and safety of combined segmental spinal epidural anesthesia (CSSEA) against general anesthesia (GA) in patients undergoing breast cancer surgery.
  • To evaluate the impact of CSSEA versus GA on intraoperative stability, postoperative pain, nausea, and hospital stay duration.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized comparative study involving 120 patients undergoing elective breast cancer surgery.
  • Patients were allocated to either CSSEA (n=60) or GA (n=60) groups.
  • Key outcome measures included intraoperative hemodynamics, postoperative pain scores, nausea incidence, and length of hospital stay.

Main Results:

  • The CSSEA group exhibited significantly greater intraoperative hemodynamic stability, evidenced by lower blood pressure fluctuations.
  • Patients receiving CSSEA reported significantly reduced postoperative pain at 1, 3, and 6 hours post-surgery.
  • The CSSEA group experienced a lower incidence of nausea and a shorter duration of hospital stay compared to the GA group.

Conclusions:

  • Combined segmental spinal epidural anesthesia (CSSEA) presents a viable and potentially superior anesthetic option for breast cancer surgeries.
  • CSSEA is associated with enhanced intraoperative hemodynamic control, improved postoperative pain management, and accelerated patient recovery.
  • The findings suggest CSSEA may lead to better overall patient outcomes and satisfaction in breast cancer surgical care.