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Related Concept Videos

Pulse rhythm01:30

Pulse rhythm

Pulse rhythm refers to the pattern of pulsations within specific intervals, offering valuable insights into the regularity or irregularity of the heart's beats as observed through the pattern of pulsation within specific intervals. A regular pulse exhibits a consistent heart rate with uniform waveforms and pulsation force, variations of which can be classified as normal, weak, or bounding.
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Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
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Holter Monitor: 24-Hour Monitoring

Holter monitoring is a continuous electrocardiography (ECG) recording that tracks the heart's electrical activity over an extended period, generally 24 to 48 hours. This noninvasive diagnostic tool detects irregular heart rhythms that may not be captured during a standard ECG performed in a clinical setting.DeviceThe Holter monitor is a portable, small device connected to several electrodes on the patient's chest. These electrodes detect the heart's electrical signals and transmit them to the...
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Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...
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Dysrhythmias V: Evaluating Dysrhythmias

Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are disturbances in the heart's rhythm that range from benign to life-threatening. A thorough evaluation is crucial for appropriate management and involves a comprehensive medical history, physical examination, and various diagnostic tests.Medical HistorySymptoms: Collect detailed information on palpitations, dizziness, syncope, chest pain, and fatigue. Note their onset, frequency, and triggers.Previous Cardiac Issues: Document any history of heart...
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Dysrhythmias VI: Management of Dysrhythmias

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Feasibility study of a multi-lesion cyberknife radiotherapy plan verification method using a 2D array with pre-set

Tengxiang Li1,2, Jinhu Chen1, Ruimin He2

  • 1Department of Radiation Physics Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences Jinan Shandong Province P. R. China.

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A new method using SRSmapcheck with pre-set roll angles validates intracranial multi-lesion CyberKnife plans, measuring more targets per plan. This approach enhances dose distribution accuracy for complex treatments.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Radiation Oncology
  • Radiosurgery

Background:

  • Validating intracranial multi-lesion CyberKnife plans with SRSmapcheck is challenging due to limitations in measuring multiple targets and lack of roll verification.
  • Existing methods using a fixed 0° array setting only measure one target, leaving others unverified.
  • The CyberKnife treatment planning system lacks support for roll verification tools, and X-sight fiducial marker guidance is incompatible with free array roll.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel method for verifying intracranial multi-lesion CyberKnife plans using SRSmapcheck with pre-set roll angles.
  • To optimize dose distribution verification in high-dose and rapidly varying areas for multi-lesion radiosurgery.
  • To compare the efficacy of the pre-set roll angle method against the traditional fixed 0° verification method.

Main Methods:

  • A geometric model was created to determine the relationship between SRSmapcheck array roll angle and tumor spacing.
  • SRSmapcheck and StereoPHAN computed tomography (CT) images were acquired at 15° intervals for phantom plans.
  • 101 intracranial multi-lesion plans were verified using both fixed 0° and pre-set roll angle methods, with subsequent comparative analysis.

Main Results:

  • The pre-set roll angle method assessed an average of 2.34 targets per plan, compared to 1.32 targets with the fixed 0° method.
  • Plan pass rates remained stable between methods for gamma analysis criteria of 2 mm/1% and 2 mm/2%.
  • Recommended gamma analysis criteria for pre-set roll angle verification are 1 mm/1% and 1 mm/2% for optimal results.

Conclusions:

  • SRSmapcheck with the pre-set roll angle method enables comprehensive validation of intracranial multi-lesion CyberKnife plans.
  • This novel approach allows for the measurement of multiple targets within a single validation session.
  • The study recommends specific gamma analysis criteria (1 mm/1% and 1 mm/2%) for effective pre-set roll angle verification.