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Compact Quantum Dots for Single-molecule Imaging

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Published on: October 9, 2012

Quantum Dots-Engineered Microlasers with Bidirectional Wavelength Tuning for Single-Cell Biosensing.

Yiqian Fu¹, Chunxiao Wu¹, Siqi Lin¹

¹Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Institute of Laser Engineering, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.

|October 30, 2025

Summary

This study introduces fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) for tunable whispering gallery mode (WGM) microlasers, enabling precise wavelength control. These FRET-WGM microlasers function as ultrasensitive intracellular biosensors for cancer cell analysis.

Keywords:

intracellular microlaser microcavity laser programmed wavelength modulation quantum dots resonant energy transfer single-cell resolution

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Area of Science:

Photonics
Nanotechnology
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Microlasers are crucial for on-chip photonics but have limited spectral tunability.
Conventional tuning methods rely on bandgap engineering and cavity reconstruction, restricting dynamic range.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) as a mechanism for bidirectional, programmable wavelength tuning in whispering gallery mode (WGM) microlasers.
To demonstrate FRET-WGM microlasers as ultrasensitive intracellular biosensors for quantitative single-cell analysis.

Main Methods:

Engineered quantum dot-based donor-acceptor systems at the WGM microlaser cavity interface.
Utilized forward FRET-WGM for blue shift and reverse FRET-WGM for red shift.
Employed a semiclassical rate equation model to predict tuning behavior.

Main Results:

Achieved bidirectional, programmable wavelength tuning in FRET-WGM microlasers.
Demonstrated FRET-driven gain competition as the primary spectral selection mechanism.
Deployed FRET-WGM microlasers as intracellular biosensors with 19.8 pM sensitivity for carbon quantum dots, a 5000-fold improvement over confocal microscopy.
Maintained wavelength stability in living cancer cells despite photobleaching.

Conclusions:

Established FRET-WGM as a versatile platform for quantitative single-cell analysis.
Highlights potential for reconfigurable nanophotonics and precision biomedicine.
Overcomes limitations of conventional microlaser tuning for advanced photonic and biomedical applications.