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Updated: Jan 12, 2026

Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Graphene-Based Polyhedrons via Origami-Like Self-Folding
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Multifunctional and Reprogrammable Magnetoactive Graphene Oxide Origami.

Jun Cai1, Yiwen Chen2, Alireza Seyedkanani1

  • 1Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H9X 3V9, Canada.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|October 30, 2025
PubMed
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New magnetic graphene oxide (MGO) films offer fast, precise shape-morphing for soft robotics and devices. A novel reprogramming strategy enables versatile reconfigurations and advanced functionalities, paving the way for intelligent machines.

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Robotics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Magnetoactive materials enable shape change via magnetic fields, with potential in soft robotics and biomedical devices.
  • Existing magnetoactive systems face challenges in fabrication complexity, geometric customization, and magnetization reprogramming, particularly for 3D structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce lightweight magnetic graphene oxide (MGO) bilayer films for advanced magnetoactive applications.
  • To develop a novel, efficient strategy for reprogramming magnetic shape configurations.
  • To demonstrate the versatility and potential of MGO films in various applications, including soft robotics and computing.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of lightweight MGO bilayer films using hard-magnetic microparticles.
Keywords:
magnetic graphene oxidemagnetization reprogrammingon‐demand manufacturingsensoriactuatorsoft robot

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  • Utilizing the paper-like nature of MGO for low-cost, customized structure fabrication (cutting, folding, assembly).
  • Implementing a reversible, high-throughput, energy-efficient strategy for MGO magnetic sticker rearrangement for shape reconfiguration.
  • Demonstrating applications in mechanical state transitions, logic computing, soft robot locomotion, and sensoriactuator development.

    • Main Results:

    • MGO films enable fast, precise, and stable shape-morphing under magnetic actuation, even in aqueous environments.
    • Humidity-tunable actuation is achieved due to the hygroscopic properties of graphene oxide (GO).
    • The developed reprogramming strategy allows for multimodal magnetic shape reconfiguration and functional versatility.
    • Applications demonstrated include in situ mechanical state transitions, sequential logic computing, soft robot locomotion, and a sensoriactuator for deformation monitoring.

    Conclusions:

    • MGO bilayer films provide a sustainable, reconfigurable, and multifunctional platform for next-generation intelligent magnetoactive soft machines.
    • The novel reprogramming strategy overcomes limitations of existing systems, enabling advanced functionalities.
    • The demonstrated applications highlight the potential of MGO films in diverse fields, from soft robotics to advanced computing and sensing.