Asthma control and its predictors: a clinic-based study of demographic, therapeutic, and environmental associations

Asthma is a chronic disease whose control varies depending on multiple clinico-epidemiological factors. In Morocco, few studies have analyzed these determinants in specific regional contexts, such as Agadir.

This study aimed to assess asthma control and identify associated factors among adult and adolescent patients followed in allergy consultations in the Agadir region.

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 58 patients aged 12 years and older, diagnosed with persistent asthma and followed between March 2022 and December 2024. Asthma control was assessed using the Asthma Control Test (ACT), classifying patients into two groups: controlled (ACT score 20-25) and uncontrolled (score ≤19). The variables studied included demographic, socioeconomic, clinical, therapeutic, and environmental factors. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses (Fisher's tests, logistic and linear regressions) were performed.

Among participants, 77.6% (n = 45) had controlled asthma, while 22.4% (n = 13) had uncontrolled asthma. No significant association was found with sex (p = 0.448) or ICS + LABA treatment (p = 0.283). Patients hospitalized for asthma had poorer control (64.7% vs. 82.9%, p = 0.123). Age influenced control, with 100% of 12-19-year-olds achieving control compared to 60% of those ≥60 years (p = 0.045). A secondary education level was associated with better control (AOR = 4.02, p = 0.070), while cold exposure significantly increased hospitalization risk (OR = 19.156, p = 0.019).

Asthma control in this population was mostly good but influenced by age, education, and cold exposure. These findings highlight the importance of targeting modifiable factors, such as therapeutic education and protection against environmental triggers, to improve management.