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Lack of association between Helicobacter pylori and pediatric atopy: Evidence from a Latin American multicenter
Pamela Gil1, Claudia Rojo2, Manuel Lara Martín3
1Division of Pediatrics, Department of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Insights
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection showed no significant association with atopy in Latin American children. Further research is needed to understand the complex relationship between H. pylori and allergic conditions.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
- Infectious Diseases
- Gastroenterology
Background:
- The immune response to Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection has led to postulations of a protective role against atopic conditions in children.
- Understanding this potential inverse association is crucial for pediatric health.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the potential inverse association between H. pylori infection and the prevalence of asthma, rhinitis, and eczema in Latin American children.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study involving symptomatic patients referred for endoscopy in Cuba, Ecuador, and Chile.
- Data collected via demographic information, International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood III questionnaires, and endoscopy-based H. pylori testing.
- Atopy defined as the presence of asthma, rhinitis, or eczema; multiple regression analyses performed.
Main Results:
- Out of 251 enrolled children, 45% were infected with H. pylori and 56.2% had atopic conditions.
- No significant association was found between H. pylori infection and the overall presence of atopy (59.6% vs. 53.3%, p > 0.05).
- H. pylori infection was positively associated with age and rhinitis, and negatively associated with eosinophilic esophagitis.
Conclusions:
- The study found similar frequencies of atopy in H. pylori-infected and uninfected children.
- Larger cohort studies are required to definitively clarify the role of H. pylori in the development of atopic conditions.
Objectives:
Owing to the regulatory effect of the immune response associated with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) a protective role for this infection in the development of atopic conditions in children has been postulated. We aim to study the potential inverse association between H. pylori infection and the presence of asthma/rhinitis/eczema in Latin American children.
Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study with prospective recruitment of consecutive symptomatic patients referred for endoscopy in Cuba, Ecuador, and Chile. Demographic data and asthma, rhinitis, and eczema (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood III) questionnaires were administered. Atopy was defined as the presence of at least one of the three diseases. A child was considered H. pylori-infected if one endoscopy-based invasive test result was positive. Multiple regression model analyses were performed.
Results:
Two hundred fifty-one patients were enrolled. Of these, 53% were male, aged 11 ± 2.7 years. Additionally, 114 (45%) were infected by H. pylori, and 141 (56.2%) had some atopic condition, with no differences by country. Atopy was more prevalent in males than females (59% vs. 41%, p < 0.05). No significant association was observed between atopy and the presence of H. pylori: 68 (59.6%) infected children presented with atopy compared to 73 (53.3%) uninfected children. Logistic regression showed that H. pylori infection was positively associated with age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.21 [1.05-1.42], p = 0.0117) and rhinitis (OR: 1.89 [1.08-3.35], p = 0.0279) and negatively associated with eosinophilic esophagitis (OR: 0.11 [0.01-0.65], p = 0.042).
Conclusions:
In this study, H. pylori-infected and uninfected children presented similar frequencies of atopy. Further studies with larger cohorts are needed to clarify the role of H. pylori in atopic conditions.
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