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Published on: June 10, 2025
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Diet and Clinical Outcomes in a Heart Failure Population
Philip Joseph1, Mahshid Dehghan1, Justin A Ezekowitz2
1Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
JACC. Heart Failure
|October 30, 2025
Summary
Dietary recommendations for heart failure (HF) patients are limited. This study found higher legume and vegetable intake reduced adverse outcomes, while refined grains increased risks in HF populations.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Nutrition Science
- Public Health
Background:
- Limited data exist for dietary recommendations in heart failure (HF) patients.
- Diet plays a crucial role in managing chronic conditions like HF.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between specific food consumption and a healthy diet pattern with clinical outcomes in a heart failure population.
- To provide evidence-based dietary guidance for individuals with HF.
Main Methods:
- A substudy of 3,798 participants from the multinational G-CHF registry.
- Dietary data collected via food frequency questionnaires.
- Examined associations between 11 common foods (plant-based and animal-based) and a healthy diet pattern (mAHEI) with primary composite outcomes (death or HF hospitalization).
Main Results:
- Higher legume intake was associated with a lower risk of the primary outcome (death or HF hospitalization).
- Moderate vegetable intake (1 to <3 servings/day) was linked to a lower risk of HF hospitalization.
- Higher refined grain intake was associated with an increased risk of HF hospitalization.
Conclusions:
- Increased consumption of legumes and vegetables is associated with reduced adverse clinical outcomes in heart failure patients.
- Higher intake of refined grains is linked to an increased risk of adverse outcomes in heart failure.
- Findings can inform tailored dietary recommendations for heart failure management.
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