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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Hypertension is a chronic condition in which the blood's force against artery walls is excessively high, posing risks such as heart disease. The condition's underlying mechanisms involve complex interactions among the cardiovascular, kidney, and autonomic nervous systems.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS): This system significantly influences blood pressure regulation. When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete renin. This enzyme transforms angiotensinogen, a plasma protein,...
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A thorough health history and physical assessment are essential for identifying cardiovascular disease (CVD) symptoms and distinguishing them from other health issues.
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System III: Serum Lipid Profile01:25

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Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
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Vascular Aging, Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome, and Cardiovascular Risk: The Northern Shanghai Study.

Jieying Shi1, Xiaomiao Ye1, Shikai Yu1

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.

JACC. Advances
|October 30, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Vascular aging significantly increases cardiovascular risk in advanced cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome. This interaction highlights vascular aging as a key factor in CKM syndrome

Keywords:
cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndromemajor adverse cardiovascular eventsvascular aging

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Gerontology
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • The interplay between vascular aging and cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome's impact on cardiovascular risk is not well understood.
  • CKM syndrome represents a cluster of conditions affecting cardiovascular, kidney, and metabolic health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the combined effects of CKM syndrome and vascular aging on cardiovascular risk.
  • To explore the relationship between different stages of CKM syndrome, vascular aging markers, and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs).

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of prospective data from the Northern Shanghai Study (2013-2022) involving community-dwelling elderly Chinese.
  • CKM syndrome staged 0-4; vascular aging defined as carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity ≥10 m/s. Participants with existing cardiovascular disease (CKM stage 4) were excluded.
  • Cox proportional hazard models assessed associations between CKM syndrome, vascular aging, and incident MACEs.

Main Results:

  • Among 2,584 participants, advanced CKM syndrome (stage 3) was present in 42.6%, with 52.5% exhibiting vascular aging.
  • Over 5.42 years median follow-up, 5.1% experienced MACEs.
  • Advanced CKM syndrome independently increased MACE risk (HR 2.44), with a significantly amplified risk in those with vascular aging (HR 5.19) compared to those without (HR 1.82; P interaction=0.039).

Conclusions:

  • CKM syndrome and vascular aging are jointly associated with increased cardiovascular risk.
  • Vascular aging provides critical pathophysiological insights into the heightened cardiovascular risk observed in advanced CKM syndrome.
  • Targeting vascular aging may be crucial for mitigating cardiovascular risk in CKM syndrome.