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Optimizing a feasible protocol for acellular nerve allografts: An experimental study.

Daniel Camporro Fernández1,2,3, Marta de Juan Marín4,5,6,7, Marta Pevida4,6,7,8

  • 1Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Central University Hospital of Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.

Cell and Tissue Banking
|October 30, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Acellular nerve allografts show promise as an alternative to autografts for peripheral nerve repair, promoting axonal regeneration. Fresh allografts led to better muscle recovery, suggesting potential for clinical application.

Keywords:
Acellular nerve allograftsDecellularized nerve allograftsMuscle histomorphometryNerve tissue engineeringPeripheral nerve regeneration

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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Neurosurgery
  • Biomaterials Science

Background:

  • Peripheral nerve injuries often necessitate surgical repair when direct connection is impossible.
  • Autologous nerve grafts are the standard but have limitations like donor site morbidity.
  • Alternative nerve graft strategies are crucial for improving patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of acellular nerve allografts as an off-the-shelf alternative to autografts.
  • To assess functional and histological recovery in a rat sciatic nerve defect model.
  • To compare fresh and lyophilized acellular allografts with autografts and silicone conduits.

Main Methods:

  • A 14-mm rat sciatic nerve defect was created in 32 female Wistar rats.
  • Groups included autograft, lyophilized acellular allograft, fresh acellular allograft, and silicone tube.
  • Functional and histological assessments were conducted at 14 and 20 weeks post-surgery.

Main Results:

  • Acellular nerve allografts demonstrated axonal regeneration comparable to autografts.
  • Fresh acellular allografts resulted in less muscle atrophy and larger muscle fiber diameter.
  • No significant differences in overall functional recovery were observed between groups.

Conclusions:

  • Processed acellular allografts effectively promote axonal regeneration in peripheral nerve defects.
  • Fresh acellular allografts enhance muscle reinnervation and recovery.
  • The decellularization protocol's success and lack of immune rejection support potential human clinical translation.