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Research progress on spike development of wheat.

Yi Ding1, Ying Zhang2, Tengteng Zhang1

  • 1College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Shijiazhuang 050024, China; Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Shijiazhuang 050024, China; Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Shijiazhuang 050024, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Shijiazhuang 050024, China.

Plant Science : an International Journal of Experimental Plant Biology
|October 30, 2025
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Summary

Researchers reviewed recent advances in identifying genes that control wheat spike traits. Understanding these genes is crucial for improving wheat yield and ensuring global food security.

Keywords:
Grain number per spikeGrain weightInflorescenceSpikeWheatYield

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Area of Science:

  • Plant genetics
  • Crop science
  • Agricultural biotechnology

Background:

  • Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a vital global food source, with China prioritizing high-yield varieties for food security.
  • Wheat yield depends on spike number, grain number per spike, and thousand-grain weight.
  • Increasing grain number per spike by enhancing spikelet number is a key strategy for boosting wheat yield.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review recent research on genes regulating wheat spike traits.
  • To provide a reference for researchers studying wheat spike development.
  • To offer perspectives on future research for enhancing wheat yield.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies published in the last five years.
  • Analysis of genetic factors influencing wheat spike architecture and yield components.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on genes controlling spike-related traits.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress has been made in identifying genes that regulate wheat spike traits.
  • Spike architecture is a critical determinant of grain yield, influencing grain number and weight.
  • Genes controlling spikelet number and development are key targets for yield improvement.

Conclusions:

  • Identifying and characterizing genes that regulate wheat spike traits is essential for improving crop yield.
  • Further research into spike development genetics holds promise for enhancing wheat production.
  • This review serves as a valuable resource for advancing wheat breeding strategies.