Stepwise Diagnostic Algorithm for Imaging of Mandibular and Maxillary Reconstruction

Mandibular and maxillary reconstruction is commonly performed in the context of oncologic resection, trauma, osteomyelitis, osteonecrosis, and congenital malformation. The postoperative imaging evaluation of mandibular and maxillary reconstruction can be challenging to the radiologist not accustomed to reporting such cases. Familiarity with expected postoperative and posttherapeutic imaging appearances and possible complications is essential to convey accurately the findings to head and neck surgeons. The authors present a stepwise diagnostic algorithm to assist the radiologist in identifying key findings on imaging of patients with mandibular and maxillary reconstruction; describe the expected imaging findings in successful reconstruction; and review the early and late postoperative and posttherapeutic complications.