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Precise Phage Mutagenesis with NgTET-Assisted CRISPR-Cas Systems

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Engineering M13 phages: surface and morphological strategies for programmable applications.

Mingye Song¹, Jialin Liu², Siqiu Zheng¹

¹Department of Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis (MOE), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Green Biomanufacturing, Beijing 100084, PR China; Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.

Trends in Biotechnology

|October 30, 2025

Summary

This review explores modifying bacteriophage M13, a filamentous phage, for diverse applications. Strategies include surface engineering for chemical diversity and morphological engineering for size and shape control, creating a customizable phage platform.

Keywords:

M13 phage genetic engineering morphological engineering phage modification surface engineering

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Phage Phenomics: Physiological Approaches to Characterize Novel Viral Proteins

Phage Phenomics: Physiological Approaches to Characterize Novel Viral Proteins

Published on: June 11, 2015

Area of Science:

Biotechnology
Materials Science
Nanotechnology

Background:

Bacteriophage M13 is a filamentous phage widely used as a bio-nanotemplate.
Tailoring M13 phage properties is crucial for expanding its application range.

Purpose of the Study:

To review surface and morphological engineering strategies for M13 phage modification.
To analyze existing technologies for creating a programmable and customizable phage platform.

Main Methods:

Surface engineering via physical, chemical, and genetic modifications of M13 phages.
Morphological engineering to control M13 phage length and shape.
Evaluation of methods based on principles, strengths, limitations, and applications.

Main Results:

Detailed overview of M13 phage surface modification techniques, using pVIII protein as an example.
Comprehensive analysis of M13 phage morphological engineering approaches.
Assessment of various strategies for creating tailored M13 phage platforms.

Conclusions:

M13 phage engineering offers versatile strategies for customization.
Programmable phage platforms can be developed for diverse downstream applications.
Continued technological advancement will enable novel applications for engineered M13 phages.