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Updated: Jan 12, 2026

A Protocol for Real-time 3D Single Particle Tracking
Published on: January 3, 2018
An improved robust fixed-time bipartite flocking tracking control scheme for networked agents with unknown
Ruichi Ren1, Kaiyu Qin1, Weihao Li1
1School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China; Aircraft Swarm Intelligent Sensing and Cooperative Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611731, China.
Abstract:
This study investigates the fixed-time bipartite flocking tracking (FTBFT) problem of multi-agent systems (MASs) operating over a signed directed graph. A novel control scheme is proposed, which allows a group of follower agents, subject to external disturbances, to track the leader with bounded and unknown control input within a specified fixed time, enhancing the robustness of the closed-loop system. Unlike previous studies, the key innovation of this robust fixed-time control scheme is its composition of only two components related to the flocking tracking error: a signum function term for disturbance rejection and a power exponent term for fixed-time convergence. This significantly simplifies the controller structure and reduces its complexity. Additionally, the upper bound derived for the settling time is independent of the agents' initial conditions and remains valid under the unknown disturbances. Finally, the proposed FTBFT control scheme is validated through simulation examples, demonstrating its effectiveness.
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