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Objective Social Isolation Predicts Perspective-Taking and Empathic Concern.

Elliot Gagner1,2,3, Audrey Marcoux1,2,3, Marie-Hélène Tessier1,2,3

  • 1School of Psychology, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.

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Perceived social isolation (PSI) impacts personal distress, while objective social isolation (OSI) affects empathic concern and perspective-taking. Differentiating these isolation types is key for targeted interventions.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Social Neuroscience
  • Health Psychology

Background:

  • Perceived social isolation (PSI) is a stronger predictor of adverse health outcomes than objective social isolation (OSI).
  • PSI is linked to emotional sensitivity and dysregulation, with some evidence suggesting a paradox of increased sensitivity to others' suffering coupled with decreased empathy.
  • The distinct impacts of state versus trait forms of social isolation and empathy remain underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between trait perceived social isolation (PSI) and trait/state empathy.
  • To examine how individuals with high and low trait PSI perceive and empathize with virtual agents displaying emotional expressions.
  • To differentiate the roles of objective social isolation (OSI) and PSI in various facets of empathy.

Main Methods:

  • Sixty-six healthy young adults were divided into high- and low-trait PSI groups.
  • Participants rated perceived affective states and state empathy when viewing virtual agents expressing pain or sadness.
  • Questionnaires assessed trait empathy, OSI, moods, and depressive symptoms.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in state empathy or perceived intensity were found between high- and low-trait PSI groups.
  • Objective social isolation (OSI) specifically predicted perspective-taking and empathic concern (trait empathy).
  • Trait perceived social isolation (PSI) specifically predicted personal distress (trait empathy).

Conclusions:

  • Objective social isolation and perceived social isolation have distinct associations with specific components of empathy.
  • Trait PSI is linked to personal distress, while OSI relates to cognitive and affective aspects of empathy.
  • Distinguishing between OSI and PSI is crucial for understanding social processes and developing targeted interventions for social isolation.