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RcAP2L-RcAS1 complex modulates petal number in roses by targeting RcAGL80 promoter.

Siyu Ji1, Yi Yang1, Shumin Yang1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China.

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Researchers identified a new gene pathway regulating petal number in roses. This discovery sheds light on the genetic mechanisms behind double flowers, enhancing ornamental plant breeding.

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RcAGL80RcAP2LRcAS1double flowerrosestamen petalization

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Area of Science:

  • Plant genetics
  • Developmental biology
  • Ornamental horticulture

Background:

  • Double flowers increase ornamental and commercial value in plants.
  • Stamen petalization is the primary cause of increased petal number in double-flowered roses.
  • The precise genetic mechanisms controlling petal number remain largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify candidate genes controlling petal number in roses.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanism regulating stamen-to-petal homeotic conversion.
  • To understand the genetic basis of double flower formation in roses.

Main Methods:

  • Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) detection and Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS)-based Bulked Segregant Analysis (BSA) were employed.
  • Gene expression analysis, gene silencing (RNA interference), Yeast Two-Hybrid (Y2H), and Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation (BiFC) assays were performed.
  • Dual-luciferase reporter assays were used to investigate gene transcriptional regulation.

Main Results:

  • RcAP2L and RcAS1 were highly expressed in double-flower roses, while RcAGL80 was highly expressed in single-flower roses.
  • Silencing RcAP2L or RcAS1 reduced petal number by inhibiting stamen homeotic conversion; silencing RcAGL80 increased petal number by promoting it.
  • RcAP2L interacts with RcAS1 and suppresses RcAGL80 transcription.

Conclusions:

  • A novel pathway involving RcAS1, RcAGL80, and RcAP2L regulates petal number in roses.
  • AS1 plays a new role in specifying flower organ identity.
  • This research provides crucial insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying double flower development in roses.