Multifunctional Nanozyme Hydrogel with Procoagulant/Peroxidase/Photothermal Tri-Activity for Emergency Hemostasis and...

Achieving rapid hemorrhage control and management of infection risks under complex wound environments remains challenging. This study prepares finely dispersed N, S-doped carbon nanoparticles (KNC) through co-hydrothermal carbonization of keratin and PVP composite for sufficient adsorption and in situ reduction of Fe³⁺, achieves the formation of multifunctional nanoenzyme (Fe/KNC), which exhibits high procoagulant, peroxidase, and photothermal activity. The Fe/KNC nanoenzyme is doped into a hydrogel (Fe/KNC@KP) prepared from keratin and pullulan, which has excellent fluid absorption capability to aid sufficient blood absorption and aggregation of the blood cells, synergistically promoting fibrin production to achieve rapid hemostasis in a mice hemorrhage mode, and also exhibited significant antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli, inhibiting bacterial growth and biofilm formation by a dual mechanism of localized hyperthermia and catalytic generation of reactive oxygen species from H₂O₂. The biosafety of Fe/KNC@KP is demonstrated by cytotoxicity and blood safety assays. As a kind of novel antibacterial hemostatic multifunctional material, the Fe/KNC@KP hydrogel has great application potential in emergency hemostasis management and bacteriostasis.