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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 12, 2026

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Bioprinted Collagen Cell Constructs with Gradient BMP-2-Loaded Microbeads for Rotator Cuff Tear Regeneration.

WonJin Kim1,2, Sang Chul Lee3, Hyeongjin Lee4

  • 1Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (SKKU-SOM), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.

Advanced Healthcare Materials
|October 31, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study developed a bioprinted stem cell construct using BMP-2 loaded microbeads to repair rotator cuff tears (RCT). The engineered tissue successfully promoted bone-to-tendon interface healing in a rabbit model.

Keywords:
BMP‐2bone‐tendon interfacecoaxial bioprintingrotator cuff teartissue engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Rotator cuff tears (RCT) have limited self-healing capacity, often requiring surgical repair.
  • Current surgical treatments struggle to fully restore the bone-to-tendon interface (BTI).
  • Effective tissue-engineering strategies are needed to promote BTI formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a bioprinted cell construct for repairing complex rotator cuff tears.
  • To utilize stem cells and bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP-2) carriers for enhanced tissue regeneration.
  • To create a multi-layered construct mimicking native tissue gradients for improved BTI healing.

Main Methods:

  • A collagen-based bioink was loaded with stem cells and collagen methacrylate microbeads (CMA-beads) as BMP-2 carriers via a water-in-oil emulsion.
  • A core-shell nozzle bioprinter fabricated a multi-layered construct with graded pore sizes and decreasing BMP-2 concentration from bone to tendon regions.
  • The constructs were implanted into a rabbit full-thickness partial-width RCT (FTPWRCT) model.

Main Results:

  • CMA-beads sustained BMP-2 release, promoting stem cell activity and osteogenesis in vitro.
  • The bioprinted constructs exhibited a graded structure mimicking native tissue interfaces.
  • In vivo implantation significantly accelerated the remodeling of bone-to-tendon tissue in the rabbit RCT model.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed bioprinted cell construct effectively supports the restoration of the bone-to-tendon interface in rotator cuff tears.
  • BMP-2 loaded CMA-beads are a viable strategy for enhancing cell activity and osteogenesis in engineered tissues.
  • This tissue-engineering approach shows promise for improving surgical outcomes in rotator cuff repair.