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Related Experiment Video

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Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Dementia.

Georgios Mikellides1, Amir Arshia Emam Jomeh1, Eleanor Arati Roy1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus.

Current Aging Science
|October 31, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) shows promise for improving cognitive function in dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Personalized, biomarker-guided approaches and multimodal therapies are key for future clinical success.

Keywords:
Alzheimer’s diseasecognitive dysfunctiondementiamild cognitive impairmentnon-invasive brain stimulation.repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuromodulation
  • Neuroscience
  • Clinical Neurology

Background:

  • Cognitive impairment is a hallmark of dementia and Alzheimer's disease.
  • Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is an emerging non-invasive neuromodulatory technique.
  • Current research explores rTMS for therapeutic potential in cognitive decline.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and critically appraise the evidence for rTMS in cognitive impairment.
  • To focus on clinical efficacy, neurobiological mechanisms, and innovations in rTMS.
  • To explore personalized and multimodal treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative review of existing literature on rTMS for dementia and Alzheimer's disease.
  • Analysis of studies focusing on high-frequency stimulation over the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLPFC).
  • Examination of target-specific stimulation, multi-site strategies, and biomarker predictors (TMSEEG, DMN connectivity).

Main Results:

  • High-frequency rTMS over DLPFC improves memory, executive function, and attention.
  • Mechanisms include enhanced synaptic plasticity, neurotrophic factor expression, and brain network modulation.
  • Target-specific and multi-site protocols show comparative efficacy; biomarker-guided paradigms are emerging.
  • Combination therapy with cognitive training and pharmacotherapy shows synergistic potential.

Conclusions:

  • rTMS demonstrates encouraging preliminary results for cognitive impairment in dementia and Alzheimer's disease.
  • Personalized, biomarker-guided rTMS and multimodal approaches are promising.
  • Standardization of protocols, long-term validation, and large trials are needed for clinical integration.