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Related Concept Videos

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters01:20

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters

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The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the polymer...
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Preparation of N-2-alkoxyvinylsulfonamides from N-tosyl-1,2,3-triazoles and Subsequent Conversion to Substituted Phthalans and Phenethylamines
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High-Performance Phthalonitrile Resins Partially Derived from a Furan Bio-Based Chemical Platform.

Daria I Poliakova1, Sergey S Nechausov2, Daria S Stepaniuk2,3

  • 1Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr.10, 07743, Jena, Germany.

Chemsuschem
|October 31, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Novel phthalonitrile resins synthesized from furan-based materials offer high heat resistance and sustainability. These bio-derived thermosets show performance comparable to traditional resins, paving the way for greener advanced applications.

Keywords:
bond dissociation energiesdensity functional theoryfuranic platform chemicalsheat resistancephthalonitrilessustainabilitythermosets

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Sustainable Chemistry

Background:

  • Phthalonitrile resins are critical for high-temperature applications due to their exceptional thermal stability (>350°C).
  • Current phthalonitrile resin synthesis relies on fossil-based feedstocks, posing sustainability challenges.
  • Incorporating bio-derived phenols has shown promise in creating more sustainable alternatives without compromising performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and synthesize novel phthalonitrile monomers utilizing the furan chemical platform.
  • To investigate the properties of thermosets derived from these bio-based monomers.
  • To assess the potential of furan chemistry for developing sustainable, high-performance phthalonitrile resins.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of low-melting Schiff-base phthalonitrile monomers from furfural and its derivatives.
  • Curing of synthesized monomers into thermoset materials at different temperatures (250°C and 350°C).
  • Characterization of thermoset properties using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) for degradation temperature (T5%) and char yield (Yc), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) for glass transition temperature (Tg).

Main Results:

  • Novel, low-melting (50-75°C) Schiff-base phthalonitrile monomers were successfully synthesized.
  • The resulting thermosets exhibited excellent thermal stability with degradation temperatures (T5%) above 450°C (cured at 350°C).
  • High char yields (Yc) between 74-78% (at 900°C) and high glass transition temperatures (Tg) exceeding 400°C (cured at 350°C) and >300°C (cured at 250°C) were achieved.

Conclusions:

  • Furan chemistry provides a versatile platform for synthesizing sustainable phthalonitrile monomers.
  • The developed bio-based phthalonitrile thermosets demonstrate comparable or superior properties to fossil-based counterparts.
  • These findings highlight the potential for furan-derived phthalonitrile resins in advanced, sustainable industrial applications.