Next-Generation Entomopathogenic Nematode Formulations: Advancing Sustainable Development

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are small microscopic, soil-inhabiting helminthic roundworms known for their potential as bio-control agents and the most popular ones belongs to the genera Heterorhabditis, and Steinernema. These EPNs are obligate parasites to a broad range of insect pests and kill host insects proficiently and are environmentally safe as well as non-toxic to non-target living organisms like animals, humans, and plants. EPNs represent a sustainable and eco-safe alternative to chemical pesticides, with their latent being enhanced by advancements in formulations and application technologies. Next-generation formulations are innovative for asphyxiating the traditional challenges EPNs encounter, allowing their broader adoption in the agriculture sector. Refining competence, stability, and sustainability ensure that nematodes can play an energetic role in modern and eco-friendly insect pest management systems. These nematodes act as an important pesticide in the agricultural sector, providing devastating innovative systems like nanocapsules, gel carriers, and drones. All these innovative practices can reduce manufacturing costs and enhance survival rates which align with the universal sustainability goals. The review aims to enhance the knowledge related to next generation entomopathogenic nematode formulations, covering the present ongoing techniques, use of advance biodegradable additives, carriers, delivery systems, case studies along with challenges and future directives.