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Magnetic Fields01:27

Magnetic Fields

7.1K
A moving charge or a current creates a magnetic field in the surrounding space, in addition to its electric field. The magnetic field exerts a force on any other moving charge or current that is present in the field. Like an electric field, the magnetic field is also a vector field. At any position, the direction of the magnetic field is defined as the direction in which the north pole of a compass needle points.
A magnetic field is defined by the force that a charged particle experiences...
7.1K
Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

2.9K
Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
2.9K
Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability01:31

Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability

2.2K
In linear magnetic materials, like paramagnets and diamagnets, magnetization is proportional to the magnetic field intensity. The constant of proportionality, a dimensionless number, is called magnetic susceptibility. The value of the susceptibility depends on the type of material.
When diamagnetic materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Hence, the susceptibility for diamagnets has a minimal negative value of 10-5–10-6. Since...
2.2K
Diamagnetism01:26

Diamagnetism

2.9K
Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets....
2.9K
Types Of Superconductors01:28

Types Of Superconductors

1.6K
A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
1.6K
Magnetic Field Of A Current Loop01:16

Magnetic Field Of A Current Loop

6.2K
Consider a circular loop with a radius a, that carries a current I. The magnetic field due to the current at an arbitrary point P along the axis of the loop can be calculated using the Biot-Savart law.
6.2K

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Updated: Jan 12, 2026

Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains
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Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains

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New magnetic topological materials from high-throughput search.

Iñigo Robredo1,2,3, Yuanfeng Xu4, Yi Jiang2

  • 1Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux 5, L-4362 Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg.

Science Advances
|October 31, 2025
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Summary

We identified 250 new topological magnetic materials using high-throughput calculations, doubling the database. These materials exhibit diverse topological phases, including novel semimetals and insulators.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Quantum Materials

Background:

  • Topological magnetic materials are crucial for next-generation electronics.
  • Existing databases lack comprehensive, experimentally verified magnetic structures.
  • High-throughput screening is essential for discovering novel quantum materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To expand the Topological Magnetic Materials database with new, experimentally reported structures.
  • To identify novel topological magnetic materials through first-principles calculations.
  • To characterize the topological properties as a function of the Hubbard U parameter.

Main Methods:

  • High-throughput computational screening of 522 new magnetic structures from MAGNDATA.
  • First-principles electronic structure calculations.
  • Topological characterization dependent on the Hubbard U parameter and spin-orbit coupling (SOC).

Main Results:

  • Discovery of 250 topologically nontrivial magnetic materials, representing 47.89% of the screened set.
  • Identification of diverse topological phases, including nodal line semimetals, topological insulators, axion insulators, Weyl semimetals, and symmetry-enforced semimetals.
  • Detailed analysis of five exemplary materials: Mn2AlB2, CaMnSi, UAsS, CsMnF4, and FeCr2S4, showcasing distinct topological properties.

Conclusions:

  • The study significantly expands the catalog of known topological magnetic materials.
  • The findings provide a foundation for experimental realization and applications of novel quantum phenomena.
  • The methodology enables efficient discovery of complex topological phases in magnetic systems.