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Related Concept Videos

Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur02:30

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Chirality is most prevalent in carbon-based tetrahedral compounds, but this important facet of molecular symmetry extends to sp3-hybridized nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur centers, including trivalent molecules with lone pairs. Here, the lone pair behaves as a functional group in addition to the other three substituents to form an analogous tetrahedral center that can be chiral.
A consequence of chirality is the need for enantiomeric resolution. While this is theoretically possible for all...
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The eukaryotic nucleus is a double membrane-bound organelle that contains nearly all of the cell’s genetic material in the form of chromosomes. It is rightly called the “brain” of the cell as it shoulders the responsibility of responding to various physiological processes, stress, altered metabolic conditions, and other cellular signals. 
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The hybridized nitrogen atom in amines possesses a lone pair of electrons and is bound to three substituents with a bond angle of around 108°, which is less than the tetrahedral angle of 109.5°. However, the C–N–H bond angle is slightly larger at 112°, with a carbon–nitrogen bond length of 147 pm. This carbon–nitrogen bond length of of amines is longer than the carbon–oxygen bond of alcohols (143 pm) but shorter than alkanes’ carbon–carbon bond (154 pm). These aspects are...
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Molecules that possess multiple chiral centers can afford a large number of stereoisomers. For instance, while some molecules like 2-butanol have one chiral center, defined as a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different substituents attached, several molecules like butane-2,3-diol have multiple chiral centers. A simple formula to predict the number of stereoisomers possible for a molecule with n chiral centers is 2n. However, there can be a lower number where some of the stereoisomers are...
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Chirality in Nature02:30

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Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid.
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Related Experiment Video

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Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models
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New Chiral Structures for Baryon Number Violating Nucleon Decays.

Yi Liao1, Xiao-Dong Ma1, Hao-Lin Wang1

  • 1Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, South China Normal University, State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Institute of Quantum Matter, Guangzhou 510006, China and , Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nuclear Science, Guangzhou 510006, China.

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Summary

Researchers identified new nucleon decay interactions involving three light quarks. These findings expand our understanding of baryon number violation and offer new experimental search strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Particle Physics
  • Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD)

Background:

  • Nucleon decay searches are crucial for probing physics beyond the Standard Model.
  • Understanding nucleon decay requires examining general interactions involving quarks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize the most general nucleon decay interactions involving three light quarks.
  • To explore novel operator structures and their implications for baryon number violation.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of generic operator structures within the chiral group SU(3)L⊗SU(3)R of QCD.
  • Chiral matching of identified interactions at the leading chiral order.

Main Results:

  • Four generic operator structures were identified, including two previously unexamined ones (6L(R)⊗3R(L) and 10¯L(R)⊗1R(L)).
  • Each structure exhibits a unique chiral realization in terms of octet baryons and pseudoscalars.
  • The 6L(R)⊗3R(L) interaction appears at the leading chiral order, while 10¯L(R)⊗1R(L) appears at a higher order.

Conclusions:

  • The newly identified nucleon decay structures are significant for effective field theories and ultraviolet models.
  • These findings open new experimental avenues for searching for baryon number violating nucleon decays.