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The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry

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Published on: August 12, 2013

Relativistic Oscillating Window Driven by an Intense Laguerre-Gaussian Laser Pulse.

Yao Meng^1,2, Runze Li¹, Longqing Yi^1,2

¹Shanghai Jiao Tong University, State Key Laboratory of Dark Matter Physics, Key Laboratory for Laser Plasma (Ministry of Education), Tsung-Dao Lee Institute and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai 201210, China.

Physical Review Letters

|October 31, 2025

Summary

High-order harmonic generation using Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) laser beams reveals unique electron dynamics. This process generates multiple LG modes with conserved total angular momentum, enabling controllable orbital angular momentum in light pulses.

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Area of Science:

Nonlinear Optics
Quantum Optics
Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics

Background:

High-order harmonic generation (HHG) is a key process for producing coherent extreme ultraviolet (XUV) and X-ray radiation.
Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) laser beams possess orbital angular momentum (OAM), offering unique properties for light-matter interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate high-order harmonic generation from intense Laguerre-Gaussian laser beams diffracted through a small aperture.
To understand the role of peripheral electron dynamics and spin-orbit interactions in shaping the harmonic spectra.
To establish selection rules and theoretical predictions for harmonic topological charges and intensities.

Main Methods:

Theoretical modeling of electron dynamics at the aperture boundary.
Numerical simulations of high-order harmonic generation.
Analysis of the interplay between spin and orbital angular momentum.

Main Results:

Observed distinct selection rules for LG pulses based on polarization states.
Demonstrated that linearly polarized LG drivers produce harmonic beams with multiple LG modes, equal to the harmonic order.
Confirmed conservation of total angular momentum throughout the process.
Developed a predictive theory for harmonic topological charges and relative intensities.

Conclusions:

Peripheral electron dynamics at the aperture boundary significantly influence HHG from LG beams.
The study provides fundamental insights into light behavior in nonlinear optics.
Paves the way for generating high-intensity UV/X-ray pulses with controllable OAM for advanced scientific applications.