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Targeted Cancer Therapies

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...

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Rational Design of Aptamer-Guided Framework Nucleic Acid Delivery Platform for Cancer Radionuclide Theranostics.

Zhiqiang Ren¹, Liujun Xu¹, Jia Liu¹

¹Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200240, China.

|October 31, 2025

Summary

Optimized DNA nanostructures (aptamer-guided tetrahedron framework nucleic acids) show improved tumor targeting and therapeutic effects. Smaller sizes enhance delivery and reduce off-target accumulation for precision medicine applications.

Keywords:

Aptamer Framework nucleic acids Molecular imaging Pharmacokinetics Radionuclide therapy

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Area of Science:

Biotechnology
Nanotechnology
Molecular Imaging and Therapy

Background:

DNA aptamers offer high-affinity binding for precision medicine.
Framework nucleic acid (FNA) platforms enable controllable delivery but require optimization.
The impact of size and valence on FNA delivery for radionuclide applications is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effects of size and valence on aptamer-guided tetrahedron framework nucleic acid (Apt-tFNA) delivery efficacy.
To optimize Apt-tFNA constructs for enhanced tumor targeting and therapeutic outcomes.
To evaluate Apt-tFNAs for radionuclide-based molecular imaging and therapy.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of radionuclide-labeled Apt-tFNAs with varying sizes and valencies.
Characterization of Apt-tFNA properties and cell-specific binding.
In vivo evaluation using dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) scanning.
Assessment of therapeutic performance in combination with chemotherapy or immunotherapy.

Main Results:

Apt-tFNA cell-specific binding is dependent on size and valence.
Smaller Apt-tFNAs demonstrated improved tumor uptake and reduced off-target organ retention (liver, kidney).
A single aptamer-modified tFNA (17 bp edge length) showed optimal tumor delivery and therapeutic efficacy.

Conclusions:

Controllable size and valence significantly influence the delivery efficacy of Apt-tFNA platforms.
Optimized Apt-tFNA constructs hold promise for enhancing targeted radionuclide delivery for molecular imaging and therapy.
This study provides a foundation for designing advanced nanomedicine delivery systems.