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Risk factors for harmful alcohol consumption: a multilevel analysis
Jéssica Lima de Oliveira Pinheiro Gaia1,2, Ana Vitória Corrêa Lima1,2, Sheila Ramos de Oliveira1,3
1Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento Materno-Infantil e Psiquiátrica, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Revista Latino-Americana De Enfermagem
|October 31, 2025
Summary
This study found that 18.9% of primary health care users in São Paulo exhibited harmful alcohol consumption. Male gender, black race/color, and higher income were linked to risky/harmful use, while lower education and depression diagnosis were associated with probable dependence.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Addiction Medicine
Background:
- Alcohol consumption patterns and their associated risks are significant public health concerns.
- Primary Health Care (PHC) settings offer a crucial opportunity for identifying and intervening in alcohol use disorders (AUDs).
- Understanding the prevalence and determinants of AUDs in PHC users is essential for targeted interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence of risky, harmful, and probable alcohol dependence consumption patterns among PHC users.
- To investigate the association between these consumption patterns and sociodemographic, clinical, and behavioral characteristics.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study was conducted with 2,178 participants in São Paulo PHC services.
- The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) was administered.
- Descriptive and hierarchical Poisson regression analyses were employed.
Main Results:
- 18.9% of participants met criteria for harmful alcohol consumption.
- Male gender, black race/color, and income of ≥10 minimum wages were associated with risky/harmful consumption.
- Lower educational level and a diagnosis of depression were determinants of probable alcohol dependence.
Conclusions:
- The prevalence of AUDs in São Paulo PHC users is higher than previously reported.
- PHC services are vital for screening and early diagnosis of alcohol use disorders.
- Identifying specific risk factors allows for tailored public health strategies within primary care settings.
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