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Association between systemic immune-inflammation index and miscarriage: A case-control study.

KeXin Sun1, DeHua Zhou2, XiaoLei Xie2

  • 1Department of Pediatric, Ruian City People's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Cicheng Town Central Health Center, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China.

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|October 31, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Elevated first-trimester systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) levels are linked to a higher risk of miscarriage. This inflammation biomarker may help predict early pregnancy loss, particularly when considering body mass index.

Keywords:
Live birthMiscarriageSystemic immune inflammation index

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Immunology
  • Biomarker Research

Background:

  • The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) is an emerging inflammation biomarker.
  • Previous research on SII's role in predicting pregnancy outcomes is inconsistent.
  • The association between SII and miscarriage risk requires further clarification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between first-trimester SII levels and the risk of miscarriage.
  • To evaluate SII as a potential predictive biomarker for early pregnancy loss.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study including 785 pregnancies from January to December 2022.
  • Multivariable logistic regression analyses to assess the SII-miscarriage relationship.
  • Interaction analyses to explore the influence of covariates like BMI, age, and medical history.

Main Results:

  • A significant association was found between elevated first-trimester SII and increased miscarriage risk.
  • Each 100-unit increase in SII correlated with higher odds of miscarriage.
  • High SII levels (≥1296.2) increased miscarriage risk (OR: 1.75; 95% CI: 1.12-2.74).
  • An interaction between SII and body mass index was observed, suggesting a combined effect on miscarriage risk.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated first-trimester SII levels are significantly associated with an increased risk of miscarriage.
  • SII may serve as a valuable prognostic indicator for miscarriage.
  • Further research is warranted to explore the interaction between SII and BMI in pregnancy outcomes.