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The changing epidemiology of invasive mould diseases in immunosuppressed patients: what, why, how?
Anna Apostolopoulou1, Eleftheria Kampouri2, Jessica S Little3
1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Background:
The epidemiology of invasive mould diseases in immunocompromised hosts is evolving due to a combination of environmental and host-related factors.
Objectives:
Our goal is to characterize this changing epidemiology by exploring two key aspects: (a) the evolution of moulds and (b) the expansion of the pool of immunocompromised hosts in the current era.
Sources:
We searched PubMed and Google Scholar with the combination of the following keywords: "fungal epidemiology", "mold OR mould", "environment", "invasive fungal infection", "invasive mold infection", "Mucor∗", "Aspergill∗", "Fusari∗", "Scedospor∗", "antifungal resistance", "immunocompromised hosts". We also searched the reference lists of all relevant publications for additional references.
Content:
We describe the changing spectrum of invasive mould infections in the context of emerging antifungal resistance and the rapidly evolving landscape of immunocompromised patient populations.
Implications:
Recognition of fungal adaptation to environmental changes and the spectrum of immunocompromised hosts is critical for timely diagnosis and management of invasive mould infections, health policy, and research.
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