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Dynamic affective stimulation modulates visual but not auditory prospective timing.

Efthymia Lamprou1, Eirini Balta1, Nikoletta Gkatsonidou1

  • 1Multisensory and Temporal Processing Laboratory (MultiTimeLab), Department of Psychology, Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences, 136 Syngrou Ave., 17671, Athens, Greece.

Scientific Reports
|November 1, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Anxiety influences time perception, causing a lengthening effect across visual and auditory senses. This effect is modality-dependent, with visual perception showing greater susceptibility to anxiety-inducing stimuli.

Keywords:
Cardiac activityModalitySkin conductanceState anxietyTime perception

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Psychophysiology

Background:

  • Human temporal judgments are generally accurate but prone to biases.
  • The impact of state anxiety on time perception and its modality dependence are not fully understood.
  • Previous research suggests fear can alter time perception, but anxiety's specific role is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of anxiety-inducing events on time perception.
  • To examine whether this influence varies across visual and auditory sensory modalities.
  • To explore the relationship between physiological arousal and altered time perception.

Main Methods:

  • A mixed-design study involving participants in visual and auditory modality groups.
  • Temporal bisection tasks were administered before and after viewing affective film clips (anxiety-inducing and neutral).
  • Physiological arousal and parasympathetic activation were monitored throughout the experiment.

Main Results:

  • Anxiety induction successfully increased physiological arousal across participants.
  • A significant temporal lengthening effect was observed in both visual and auditory modalities after affective stimuli.
  • The visual modality showed increased switch width contributing to temporal lengthening, while auditory perception remained unaffected by affective stimulation.
  • Increased parasympathetic activation accompanied the temporal lengthening, suggesting distinct attention-related mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • Anxiety-inducing events can lead to a modality-dependent temporal lengthening effect.
  • Distinct attention-related mechanisms underlie temporal perception across different sensory modalities.
  • Physiological signals can predict alterations in time perception, highlighting a link between bodily states and cognitive timing.