Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 12, 2026

Multimodal Volumetric Retinal Imaging by Oblique Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy oSLO and Optical Coherence Tomography OCT
Published on: August 4, 2018
Design of a compact digital to analog converter with optical Kerr effect
Fariborz Parandin1, Mohammadreza Jomour2, Babak Karami3
1Department of Electrical Engineering, Ker.C., Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran. fa.parandin@iau.ac.ir.
Abstract:
This article presents a novel 2-bit digital-to-analog converter design based on photonic crystals. In this structure, a nonlinear Kerr effect has been considered to transfer the light intensity inside the ring resonator, which can control the optical behavior of the digital-to-analog converter. There are two nonlinear ring resonators on top and bottom of the structure. Also, inside each ring, some nonlinear rods have been shown in black. The rods designed in this structure are based on Silicon, and their refractive index is 3.46. Also, the linear and nonlinear refractive index for black rods in the ring resonators are 1.4 and [Formula: see text] , respectively. This structure has a footprint of 324 µm2, of which there are 31 linear rods in the X direction and 31 linear rods in the Y direction. Also, the sampling rate is 125 GS/s, with the lowest casualties in output power. The analysis of this proposed digital-to-analog converter uses finite difference time domain (FDTD) and Plane Wave Expansion (PWE) methods.
Related Concept Videos
Design Example: Vintage Mixing Console
The specifications for the pre-amplifier were clear. It needed to amplify the audio signal by a factor of 10, have an input impedance above 10...
Design Example: Capacitance Multiplier Circuit
The circuit illustrated in Figure 1 below incorporates two op-amps, with the first operating as a voltage follower and the second acting as an inverting amplifier.
Cascaded Op Amps
In a cascaded system, each op-amp is referred to as a stage. The output of one stage drives the input of the subsequent stage. As the input signal passes through...
Inverting and Non-inverting OpAmps
Design Example

