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Related Concept Videos

Bioplastics01:27

Bioplastics

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Bioplastics derived from microbial processes present a sustainable alternative to conventional petroleum-based plastics. Among these, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), particularly polyhydroxybutyrates (PHBs), have emerged as prominent candidates due to their biodegradability and biocompatibility. These polymers are synthesized by a variety of bacteria, such as Cupriavidus necator and Pseudomonas putida, which naturally accumulate PHAs as intracellular carbon and energy reserves, especially under...
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Study on pistachio shell filled PLA composites for FDM-based processing.

S Rashia Begum1, B Aditya Devan1, S Kavya1

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Anna University, Guindy, Chennai, 600025, Tamilnadu, India.

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|November 1, 2025
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Summary

This study developed Polylactic Acid (PLA)/Pistachio shell particle (PSP) composites for 3D printing. The 4-wt% composite showed the best balance of mechanical properties and enhanced processability.

Keywords:
3D printingContact angleFilamentPLAPistachio

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Science
  • Additive Manufacturing

Background:

  • Developing sustainable composite filaments for Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is crucial for eco-friendly additive manufacturing.
  • Polylactic Acid (PLA) is a popular biodegradable polymer, but its mechanical properties can be enhanced with natural fillers.
  • Pistachio shell particles (PSP) offer a potential low-cost, renewable filler source.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize Polylactic Acid (PLA)/Pistachio shell particle (PSP) composite filaments for Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM).
  • To investigate the effect of alkali and silane treatments on PSP and their influence on the PLA matrix.
  • To optimize PSP content for improved mechanical properties, processability, and overall performance.

Main Methods:

  • Composite filaments were fabricated using a single-screw extruder.
  • Pistachio shell particles underwent alkali and silane treatments to improve filler-matrix adhesion.
  • Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and mechanical testing were employed.

Main Results:

  • Chemical treatments modified PSP surface, removing lignin/hemicellulose and forming siloxane bonds.
  • While tensile, compressive, and flexural strengths saw minor decreases, tensile modulus and matrix stiffness improved.
  • The 4-wt% PSP composite exhibited the highest tensile strength (49.81 MPa) and Melt Flow Index (12.80 g/10 min), indicating optimal dispersion and processability.
  • The 6-wt% composite showed maximum compressive (43.06 MPa) and flexural strength (58.06 MPa) due to higher filler loading.
  • Hardness and impact resistance increased with PSP content, but wettability decreased.

Conclusions:

  • Alkali and silane treatments effectively enhanced the compatibility between PSP and the PLA matrix.
  • The 4-wt% PLA/PSP composite offers a promising balance of mechanical properties and superior processability for FDM applications.
  • Utilizing treated pistachio shell particles presents a viable route for creating sustainable and functional composite materials.