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Reviewing the Current State of Renal Cell Carcinoma with a Tumor Thrombus: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Metastasis,

Maxwell Sandberg1,2, Randall Bissette3,4, Kimberly Waggener3,4

  • 1Department of Urology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston Salem, NC, 27101, USA. maxwellsandberg@msn.com.

Current Urology Reports
|November 1, 2025
PubMed
Abstract

Keywords:
MetastasisPathophysiologyRenal cell carcinomaSystemic therapyTumor thrombus

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