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Updated: Jan 12, 2026

In vitro Digestion of Emulsions in a Single Droplet via Multi Subphase Exchange of Simulated Gastrointestinal Fluids
Published on: November 18, 2022
Effects of starch-fatty acid-protein interaction on structure, digestibility and eGI of starch complexes under OSA
Renhui Fan1, Tingting Li2, Jiajia Zhao3
1State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China.
Abstract:
The rapid digestion of native starch is linked to obesity and diabetes, while multi-component complexes can modulate digestibility. To address the knowledge gap regarding the role of octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) modification in ternary starch complexes, this study investigated the effects of OSA modification on molecular interactions among high-amylose corn starch (HAS), fatty acids (FA) and whey protein isolate (WPI), and systematically elucidated its impact on structural, thermal and digestive properties of the complexes. Binary (HAS-FA) and ternary (HAS-FA-WPI) complexes were prepared via water bath-ultrasonic methods to comparatively analyze structural/digestive differences, establish HAS-FA as essential precursors for ternary complex formation, and better investigate stepwise the impact mechanism of OSA modification on the complexes. X-ray diffraction revealed enhanced V-type crystallinity (12.9° and 19.8° peaks) in OSA-modified complexes, with OSA-HAS-LA-WPI showing the highest crystallinity. FTIR confirmed OSA esterification (1576 cm-1) and reduced free FA signals (1701 cm-1 attenuation), indicating stronger molecular interactions. Confocal microscopy visualized WPI encapsulating starch granules, forming enzymatic barriers. Fluorescence spectra demonstrated structural reorganization of WPI in OSA complexes, evidenced by redshifted emission maxima (334.2-335.6 nm). Interaction force analysis confirmed strengthened hydrophobic interactions and covalent bonds in OSA systems. DSC showed improved thermal stability and increased peak temperature/ΔH in OSA-modified complexes. In vitro digestion assays demonstrated OSA-HAS-FA-WPI lowered rapidly digestible starch (RDS: 16.53 %) and elevated resistant starch (RS: 50.88 %), yielding a low glycemic index (eGI: 42.78). OSA strengthened WPI-HAS-FA interactions, enhancing structural compactness and enzymatic resistance. Sequential FA (LA/MA), WPI, and OSA modification synergistically optimized ternary complex structure/digestibility. This work provides mechanistic insights into the OSA-modified ternary complex assembly and offers a novel strategy for designing low-GI functional foods to mitigate obesity and diabetes risks.
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